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Exercise 1.10.

Here is another way of proving Lemma 1.6 (v). I do not claim that it is any simpler, but it introduces a useful idea.
(i) Show from first principles that, if an —»• a, then can —»• ca.
(ii) Show from first principles that, if an —> a as n —> oo, then a2n —> a2.

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Exercise 1.7.

Prove that the first few terms of a sequence do not affect convergence. Formally, show that if there exists an N such that an = bn for n > N then, an —»• a as n —»• oo implies bn —> a as n —> oo.

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Proof

I shall give the proofs in detail but the reader is warned that similar proofs will be left to her in the remainder of the book.
(i) By definition:-

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Definition 1.5.

We work in an ordered field F. We say that a sequence a\, a,2, • • • tends to a limit a as n tends to infinity, or more briefly
an —»• a as n —»• oo
if, given any e > 0, we can find an integer no (б) [read 'щ depending on e'] such that
\an — a\ < e for all n > no (б).
The following properties of the limit are probably familiar to the reader.

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We choose

Many ways have been tried to make calculus rigorous and several have been successful. We choose the first and most widely used path via the notion of a limit. In theory, my account of this notion is complete in itself. However, my treatment is unsuitable for beginners and I expect my readers to have substantial experience with the use and manipulation of limits.|

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